Adenoids: link to OME, nasal obstruction, and sleep

This module provides a clinically focused overview of paediatric nasal and nasopharyngeal anatomy and physiology, with emphasis on adenoid

hypertrophy—typical phenotype, symptom clusters, and links with OME persistence/recurrence (including age considerations and combined surgical

pathways). It covers clinical and imaging criteria for relevant conditions (including sleep-disordered breathing), and integrates extended history, examination findings, and clinical observations to guide management planning. The content also addresses decision-making factors influencing conservative, medical, and surgical options, alongside adenoidectomy techniques, prognostic factors, expected outcomes and timeframes, and postoperative precautions and limitations.